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|official_languages = Spanish |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 1960 |demonym = Dominican |capital = Santo Domingo |latd=19 |latm=00 |latNS=N |longd=70 |longm=40 |longEW=W |largest_city = capital |government_type = Unitary presidential republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Danilo Medina |leader_title2 = Vice President |leader_name2 = Margarita Cedeño de Fernández |legislature = Congress |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = Chamber of Deputies |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = from Spain (ephemeral) |established_date1 = December 1, 1821〔 |established_event2 = from Haiti (official) |established_date2 = February 27, 1844〔 (not recognized by Haiti until November 9, 1874)c |established_event3 = from Spain (restoration) |established_date3 = August 16, 1863〔 (recognized on March 3, 1865) |established_event4 = from the United States |established_date4 = July 12, 1924 |area_rank = 128th |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 48442 |area_sq_mi = |percent_water = 0.7〔 |population_estimate = |population_estimate_year = |population_estimate_rank = 84th |population_census_year = 2010 |population_census = 9,478,612〔(Official census data ). "Dominican Republic Census data"〕 |population_density_km2 = 197 |population_density_sq_mi = 501.5 |population_density_rank = 65th |GDP_nominal = $66.199 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,134〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |GDP_PPP = $146.277 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dominican Republic )〕 |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_rank = 74th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $13,554〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_change = decrease |Gini = 40.9 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.700 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 102nd |HDI_category = high |currency = Peso〔 |currency_code = DOP |country_code = |time_zone = Standard Time Caribbean |utc_offset = – 4:00〔 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = right |calling_code = +1-809, +1-829, +1-849 |cctld = .do〔 |footnote_a = Such as Asians and Arabs. |footnote_b = Dominican Republic overall DNA admixture is multiracial with a minor amount of Taíno DNA which is consistent with both the historical background of the nation but, being that Dominicans range from full Whites to full Blacks to Multiracial (mixed), these genetic findings are not assigned to the whole nation's population. Therefore, it does not suggest that Dominicans in general have Taíno DNA, but rather may or may not have it. |footnote_c = A covenant was signed between two commissions from both countries on July 26, 1867, but it did not enter into force because it was not approved by the Senate of Haiti. |footnotes = Sources for area, capital, coat of arms, coordinates, flag, language, motto and names: For an alternate area figure of 48,730 km2, calling code 809 and Internet TLD: }} The Dominican Republic (; (:reˈpuβlika ðominiˈkana)) is a country on the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western three-eighths of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hispaniola Article )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dominican Republic 2014 )〕 making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands, along with Saint Martin, that are shared by two countries. Both by area and population the Dominican Republic is the second-largest Caribbean nation (after Cuba), with and nearly 10 million people, one million of whom live in the capital city Santo Domingo.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Embassy of the Dominican Republic, in the United States )〕〔 Context: 〕 Christopher Columbus landed on the island on December 5, 1492, which the Taíno people had inhabited since the 7th century. It became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas; namely Santo Domingo, the oldest continuously inhabited city and the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World. After three centuries of Spanish rule, with French and Haitian interludes, the Dominican Republic became independent in 1821. The ruler, José Núñez de Cáceres, intended that the Dominican Republic be part of the nation of Gran Colombia, but he was quickly removed by the Haitian government and Dominican slave revolts. Victorious in the Dominican War of Independence against Haitian rule in 1844, the Dominican Republic over the next 72 years, experienced mostly internal strife and a brief return to colonial status, the only nation in the hemisphere to do so after gaining its independence, before permanently ousting Spaniard rule during the Dominican War of Restoration of 1865. A United States occupation lasted eight years between 1916–1924, and a subsequent calm and prosperous six-year period under Horacio Vásquez Lajara, were followed by the dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina until 1961. A civil war in 1965, the country's last, was ended by a U.S.-led intervention, and was followed by the authoritarian rule of Joaquín Balaguer, 1966–1978. Since then, the Dominican Republic has moved toward representative democracy,〔 and has been led by Leonel Fernández for most of the time after 1996. Danilo Medina, the Dominican Republic's current president, succeeded Fernández in 2012, winning 51% of the electoral vote over his opponent ex-president Hipólito Mejía. The Dominican Republic has the ninth largest economy in Latin America and is the largest economy in the Caribbean and Central American region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA – The World Factbook – Rank Order – GDP (purchasing power parity) )〕〔The US State Department calls it the largest (); however, GDP figures from the CIA's The World Factbook indicate that the Dominican Republic is second in PPP GDP, third in nominal terms.〕 Though long known for agriculture and mining, the economy is now dominated by services.〔 The Dominican Republic's economic progress is exemplified by its advanced telecommunication system and transportation infrastructure.〔 Nevertheless, unemployment,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA – The World Factbook – Dominican Republic )〕 government corruption, and inconsistent electric service remain major Dominican problems. The country also has "marked income inequality".〔 International migration affects the Dominican Republic greatly, as it receives and sends large flows of migrants. Mass illegal Haitian immigration and the integration of Dominicans of Haitian descent are major issues.〔 A large Dominican diaspora exists, mostly in the United States. They contribute to the Dominican Republic's development as they send billions of dollars to their families in remittances.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Relations With the Dominican Republic )〕 The Dominican Republic is the most visited destination in the Caribbean. The year-round golf courses are among the top attractions on the island.〔 A geographically diverse nation, the Dominican Republic is home to the region's tallest mountain peak, Pico Duarte, as well as the Caribbean's largest lake and lowest elevation, Lake Enriquillo. The island has an average temperature of and great climatic and biological diversity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Consulate-General of the Dominican Republic Bangkok Thailand )〕 The country is also the site of the first cathedral, castle, monastery, and fortress built in all of the Americas, located in Santo Domingo's Colonial Zone, an area declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.〔(Colonial City of Santo Domingo – UNESCO World Heritage Centre ). Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved on April 2, 2014.〕〔(UNESCO around the World | República Dominicana ). Unesco.org (November 14, 1957). Retrieved on 2014-04-02.〕 Music and sport are of great importance in the Dominican culture, with Merengue and Bachata as the national dance and music, and baseball as the favorite sport.〔 == Names and etymology == For most of its history (up until independence), the country was known as Santo Domingo — the name of its present capital and patron saint, Saint Dominic—and continued to be commonly known as such in English until the early 20th century.〔(Hand Book of Santo Domingo: ) Bulletin, Issue 52. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1892. Digitized 14 August 2012. p. 3. ''"...the Republic of Santo Domingo or República Dominicana (Dominican Republic) as it is officially designated."''〕 The residents were called ''Dominicanos'' (Dominicans), which is the adjective form of "Domingo", and the revolutionaries named their newly independent country ''La República Dominicana''. At present, the Dominican Republic is one of only four nations worldwide (along with the Central African Republic, the Czech Republic, and the United Arab Emirates) with only a demonym-based adjectival name.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=Alphabetical List of Countries ) For example, the French Republic is generally known as France, but the Dominican Republic has no such equivalent, although the name ''Quisqueya'' is used sometimes. 〕 In the national anthem of the Dominican Republic (Himno Nacional) the term "Dominican" never appears. The author of its lyrics, Emilio Prud'Homme, consistently uses the poetic term ''Quisqueyanos'', that is, "Quisqueyans". The word "Quisqueya" derives from a native tongue of the Taino Indians and means, "Mother of all Lands". It is often used in songs as another name for the country. The name of the country is often shortened to "the D.R."〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dominican Republic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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